Bhagavad-gītā 3.4

Explain simply

Speaker: Śrī Kṛṣṇa

न कर्मणामनारम्भान्नैष्कर्म्यं पुरुषोऽश्नुते ।
न च संन्यसनादेव सिद्धिं समधिगच्छति ॥४॥

na karmaṇām anārambhān
naiṣkarmyaṁ puruṣo 'śnute
na ca sannyasanād eva
siddhiṁ samadhigacchati

Word for word (synonyms)

na
without
karmaṇām
of the prescribed duties
anārambhāt
non-performance
naiṣkarmyam
freedom from reaction
puruṣah
man
aśnute
achieve
na
nor
ca
also
sannyasanāt
by renunciation
eva
simply
siddhim
success
samadhigacchati
attain

Translation

Not by merely abstaining from work can one achieve freedom from reaction, nor by renunciation alone can one attain perfection.

Defined in the Gītā

Renunciation

What is real renunciation?

The Supreme Lord said, To give up the results of all activities is called renunciation [tyāga] by the wise. And that state is called the renounced order of life [sannyāsa] by great learned men.

Bhagavad-gītā 18.2

See the definition

Purport

The renounced order of life can be accepted upon being purified by the discharge of the prescribed form of duties which are laid down just to purify the heart of materialistic men. Without purification, one cannot attain success by abruptly adopting the fourth order of life (sannyāsa). According to the empirical philosophers, simply by adopting sannyāsa, or retiring from fruitive activities, one at once becomes as good as Nārāyaṇa. But Lord Kṛṣṇa does not approve this principle. Without purification of heart, sannyāsa is simply a disturbance to the social order. On the other hand, if someone takes to the transcendental service of the Lord, even without discharging his prescribed duties, whatever he may be able to advance in the cause is accepted by the Lord (buddhi-yoga). Svalpam apy asya dharmasya trāyate mahato bhayāt. Even a slight performance of such a principle enables one to overcome great difficulties.

What this verse teaches

Premature renunciation discouraged

In thematic compilations 1

Self-control

  • Role of dharma: Engaging the senses in one’s prescribed duties leads to purification (3.4-7 na karmaṇām anārambhān...)
Śrīla Prabhupāda lectures 1

Bhagavad-gītā As It Is by His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda © The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust International.