Chapter 18 Verses 18.18–40 The modes control all activities and all beings 18.18–19 Three motivators and three constituents of action 18.18 18.19 18.20–22 Knowledge (jñāna) in three modes 18.20 18.21 18.22 18.23–25 Work (karma) in three modes 18.23 18.24 18.25 18.26–28 Worker (karta) in three modes 18.26 18.27 18.28 18.29–32 Intelligence or understanding (buddhi) in three modes 18.29 18.30 18.31 18.32 18.33–35 Determination (dhṛti) in three modes 18.33 18.34 18.35 18.36–40 Happiness (sukhaṁ) in three modes 18.36–37 18.38 18.39 18.40 Summary of the influence of modes 18.13–17The five factors of action 18.41–48Purification through prescribed duties of Varṇāśrama